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The learning perspective proposes that specific phobias are_______.
The learning perspective proposes that specific phobias are_______.1) the result of individual genetic makeup.
2) a way of repressing unacceptable impulses.
3) conditioned fears.
4) a symptom of having been abused as a child.
Final answer:The learning perspective asserts that specific phobias are correct option is 3) conditioned fears that can arise from classical conditioning or vicarious learning, where an association is made between an object or situation and fear.Explanation:According to the learning perspective, specific phobias are essentially correct option is 3) conditioned fears. These fears can develop through various learning pathways, one of which is classical conditioning. For instance, if a child is bitten by a dog, the pain (unconditioned stimulus) may cause the child to fear not just the dog that bit them but dogs in general (conditioned response). This fear is a learned response to the association of dogs with the painful experience.Another pathway for phobia acquisition is through vicarious learning or modeling. For example, a child might develop a fear of spiders after observing a relative react fearfully to them, regardless of whether the child has had a direct negative experience with spiders.Phobias are irrational and disruptive fears toward specific stimuli, such as animals, heights, or certain situations; they are not determined by genetic makeup, repression of unacceptable impulses, or necessarily from being abused as a child. Learning theories emphasize the role of environmental experiences and learned associations in the development of these phobias....