Final answer:Correct options are a) and d). Motor pathways consist of upper and lower motor neurons; upper motor neurons are located in the brain and synapse with lower motor neurons in the spinal cord, which then innervate skeletal muscles. Lower motor neurons can be excitatory or inhibitory, and they directly control muscle contractions.Explanation:The motor pathways are essential components of the nervous system responsible for controlling voluntary movements. These pathways include the upper motor neurons and the lower motor neurons. The upper motor neurons have their cell bodies located within the brain, specifically in the primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe, and they send axons to synapse with lower motor neurons found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Lower motor neurons are those that extend their axons from the spinal cord to innervate skeletal muscle fibers, facilitating muscle contractions.Regarding the options presented in the question: a. It’s true that motor pathways are composed of at least two neurons, an upper and a lower motor neuron. b. The somas of upper motor neurons are not housed within the spinal cord but are found in the cerebral cortex. c. Lower motor neurons can indeed be either excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the type of muscle fibers they innervate and their function within the motor unit. d. It is true that the axons of lower motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle cells, connecting to them at neuromuscular junctions to trigger muscle contractions....

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