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Final answer:The sentences in question are run-on sentences because they improperly connect independent clauses without correct punctuation or conjunctions. Option b is the answer.Explanation:The sentences provided have an issue with structure, making them run-on sentences. A run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses are joined without the proper punctuation or conjunction. In this case, there should be a period or a semicolon to separate the independent clauses, or a coordinating conjunction to join them. The proper correction would look something like this: 'By themselves, presidents could never gain detailed knowledge of all the departments of government; they must rely on their advisers. These advisers are members of the White House staff, and they are also members of the cabinet.'...