Final answer:Inferences in reading are conclusions based on evidence in the text. Positive or negative language provides clues to make these inferences. Deductive reasoning is used to make logical conclusions based on general principles.Explanation:Making inferences from reading material involves using the evidence provided in the text to draw logical conclusions. For instance, if a character is described using positive descriptors such as sharp, friendly, and loyal, we can infer these are intended as commendations of the character. Similarly, if someone is characterized as slovenly, dull, and selfish, the connotation is negative. Through context clues and tone, readers can build upon the facts presented to infer additional meanings and subtexts.As for the specific examples in the question, the inferences are as follows:a. The people are married.b. Charles's actions are unconventional or humorous.c. There may be a family connection.d. Someone has taken the durian smoothie, indicating theft or misuse.e. The male offspring is one's brother.f. Arthur's ethical behavior is in question and comparable to Susan's, which is implied to be poor.Regarding the joke about the number of days in a month, this employs deductive reasoning as it starts with a general principle that all months have at least 28 days and applies it to reach a logical conclusion that every month has 28 days....

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