Final answer:Random sampling is most closely associated with (option c) external validity because it enhances the ability to generalize study findings to the larger population by ensuring the sample represents the diversity of the population.Explanation:Random sampling is most closely associated with external validity. External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people. When researchers use random sampling, they are trying to ensure that their sample represents the larger population from which it was drawn, which directly impacts the ability to generalize the study's findings. Random sampling helps to avoid biases in the selection process and increases the likelihood that the sample reflects the diversity of the population. Therefore, it supports the external validity of the study, allowing its results to be more widely applicable....

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