Final answer:Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called incentives. They play an essential role in an individual's overall motivation to engage in particular behaviors, responding either to a reward (positive incentive) or to avoid a punishment (negative incentive).b. incentives.Explanation:The question poses, 'Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called: a. needs. b. incentives. c. set points. d. drives. e. instincts.' The correct answer isb. incentives.These phenomena belong to the study ofmotivation, which is a key concept in psychology. More specifically, these are an integral part of incentive theory of motivation. Positive and negative environmental stimuli, such as rewards or punishments, are considered incentives which can directly influence and motivate behaviors.For instance, if studying hard leads to good grades (positive stimulus), then the student is more likely to be motivated to study. Similarly, if not doing homework leads to detention (negative stimulus), the student is likely to be motivated to do their homework to avoid such consequence. Therefore, both these positive and negative stimuli act asincentivesto motivate behavior.Learn more about Incentives here:brainly.com/question/12530175#SPJ11...

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