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1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).2. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).3. Microscopic and Macroscopic Observation.1. PCR is a DNA analysis technique that amplifies a specific region of DNA, allowing for its detection and identification. It involves a series of temperature cycles that denature the DNA, allow for primer annealing, and facilitate DNA replication.By using specific primers that target unique regions of the microbe's DNA or RNA, PCR can amplify and detect the presence of the microbe. The amplified DNA can be further analyzed through various methods such as gel electrophoresis orDNA sequencing.PCR is a powerful technique used for microbial identification as it allows for the detection and analysis of a microbe's DNA or RNA. It is widely used in research, clinical diagnostics, and forensic applications due to its sensitivity and specificity.2. ELISA is an antibody-based technique used to detect and quantify specific antigens or antibodies in a sample. In microbial identification, it can be employed to analyze a microbe using specific antibodies or to analyze patients' antibodies using prepackaged antigens.ELISA involves the immobilization of the antigen or antibody on a solid surface, followed by the addition of an enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody that produces a detectable signal.The intensity of the signal is proportional to the amount of antigen or antibody present.ELISAis commonly used in diagnostics and research to identify and quantify microbial infections or the presence of specific antibodies.ELISA is a versatile technique for microbial identification that relies on the interaction between antibodies and antigens. It enables the analysis of microbes using specific antibodies or the analysis of patients' immune response through the detection of antibodies.3. Microscopic and macroscopic observation involves the direct visualization and examination of a microbe's morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties.It includes techniques such as light microscopy, electron microscopy, and the observation of colony characteristics on agar plates.Microscopic observationallows for the examination of cell structure, size, shape, and motility, while macroscopic observation involves assessing macroscopic characteristics like colony morphology, pigmentation, and growth patterns.By analyzing these features, microbiologists can infer the identity and characteristics of the microbe. These techniques are fundamental in microbial identification, as they provide initial information that can guide further investigations.Microscopic and macroscopic observation techniques are essential for microbial identification, providing valuable insights into amicrobe'smorphology, physiology, and biochemical properties.These observations serve as a basis for further characterization and identification of microbes in various fields such as microbiology, medical diagnostics, and environmental studies.To learn more aboutPCR, visitbrainly.com/question/14895948#SPJ11...