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Inobservational studies, thevariable of interestis controlled. Thus, the correct option is C.What are observational studies?An observational study relies solely on the researcher's observations to respond to a research topic. There are no control or treatment groups, no intervention with or manipulation of theresearch participants.These studies can be utilized for both exploratory andexplanatory researchbecause they are frequently qualitative in character. Although they do exist, quantitative observational studies are less prevalent.Hard scientific,medical, and social science sectors typically use observational research. This is frequently because the researcher can't carry out aconventional experimentbecause of ethical or practical considerations.However, the absence of control andtreatment groupsmakes it challenging to draw conclusions, and there is a chance thatconfounding factorsand observer bias will have an adverse effect on your analysis.Learn more aboutobservational studies, herebrainly.com/question/15938198#SPJ1...