Final answer:Within each pair of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes, one chromosome is inherited from the mother and the other from the father. The 23rd pair determines sex with females having two X chromosomes and males having one X and one Y chromosome. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother.Explanation:The correct answer to the question, "Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. Within each pair:" is B) One chromosome is inherited from the mother and the other from the father. Human cells normally have two sets of chromosomes, with each set comprising 23 chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes per cell.These sets form pairs, with each pair consisting ofhomologous chromosomes: one from the mother and one from the father. In each pair, the chromosomes are of the same size and shape, and contain the same genes, although they may have different alleles or versions of those genes.This is true for 22 of the 23 pairs, called autosomal chromosomes, and for the 23rd pair, which determines the sex of the individual—XX for females and XY for males. It is important to note that themitochondrial genomeis inherited exclusively from the mother, but this is separate from the chromosomal inheritance....

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