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Final answer:Dr. Badal is most likely practicing sociocultural psychology by studying achievement motivation among different ethnic groups. The self-efficacy theory may be applicable across cultures, as it focuses on individual cognitive beliefs and has been shown to be useful in diverse populations. Cross-cultural research is vital to ensure psychological theories are universal and not culture-specific. Therefore, the correct option is CExplanation:Dr. Badal, who is studying achievement motivation among different ethnic groups, is most likely practicing the sociocultural approach to psychology. This approach examines how social and cultural factors such as ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and cultural beliefs influence psychological processes and behavior. Sociocultural psychology also addresses issues of diversity and is concerned with how cultural factors interact with individual psychology.When considering which motivation theories might be applicable to many different cultures, we can look at the work of researchers like Lori Lindley, who investigated the concept of self-efficacy in diverse populations. Self-efficacy, which is a belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, has been found to be a useful concept across various groups, including women with careers, ethnic minorities, and people with disabilities. The theory of self-efficacy could be more universally applicable to different cultures as it focuses on the internal belief system which is a personal cognitive perspective.It is crucial for psychologists like Dr. Badal to conduct cross-cultural research to ensure that psychological theories are not solely based on the experiences of one group. This is essential because findings that apply to one culture may not necessarily extend to others, which was evident in the study about binge eating disorders across different ethnic groups. Therefore, psychological theories need to be re-examined and tested in multiple cultures to confirm their validity and relevance universally....