Final answer:We identified the elements and isotopes based on the information about theiratomic characteristicsincluding mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. In this case: Sodium (Na), Xenon (Xe), Arsenic (As), and Radium (Ra). The number of protons determines an element's place in the periodic table and the mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons.Explanation:The question's subject matter pertains to atomic structure and identifying elements based on their atomic characteristics such as mass number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Let's break down some examples from your questions:(a)Thealkalimetal with 11 protons and a mass number of 23 is Sodium (Na).(b)The noble gas with 75 neutrons and 54electronsis Xenon (Xe).(c)Theisotopewith 33 protons and 40 neutrons is Arsenic (As).(d)Thealkalineearth metal with 88 electrons and 138 neutrons is Radium (Ra).As you can see, each element can be identified by its atomic structure. Just remember that the number of protons defines the atomic number and uniquely determines anelement'splace in the periodic table, the mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons, and for a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons.Learn more aboutatomic characteristicsbrainly.com/question/3426#SPJ11...

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