The 'permission denied' error is related to insufficient file system permissions in Unix-like systems. Creating directories can require root access, especially in system areas. To resolve this issue, ensure you have the required permissions or use 'sudo' to run commands as a root user.The error message 'cannot create directory '/run/user/0' permission denied' indicates a problem with file system permissions in a Unix-like operating system. To create directories, particularly in system areas, the user must have the appropriate permissions. The root user, or administrator, typically has access to all areas of the system and can create directories anywhere. Non-root users have more limited access and can usually only modify files and directories within their own home directory.When attempting to create nested directories with a command like mkdir new/01/02/03, all parent directories must exist. The error 'mkdir: cannot create directory 'new/01/02/03': No such file or directory' suggests that the intermediate directories do not exist. Using the -p option with mkdir, as in mkdir -p new/01/02/03, would allow the creation of all missing intermediate directories.Each file and directory has an associated owner and group, and permissions that determine what users can do. For example, permissions may allow a file to be read, written to, or executed. However, changes to ownership and group attributes, typically done with the chown and chgrp commands, are restricted to the root user or to users who are members of the target group....

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