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Final answer:Cognitive-behavioral therapy is thetreatmentmethod that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions (option a)Explanation:The integrated therapy that aims at modifying both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is referred to ascognitive-behavioral therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a psychological treatment that helps individuals identify and change thought patterns that lead to harmful behaviors and beliefs.It emphasizes the link between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Other therapy types mentioned, such as psychopharmacology, meta-analysis, biomedical therapy, and light exposure therapy, don't specifically target both thinking and behavioral patterns as cognitive-behavioral therapy does.Learn more about Cognitive-behavioral therapy here:brainly.com/question/32421138#SPJ11...