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All scientific investigations are initially founded upon?
All scientific investigations are initially founded upon?1) an already accepted theory
2) good observations
3) good experiments
4) multiple hypotheses, some of which are unanswerable
Final answer:All scientific investigations start with good observations leading to a question, followed by the formulation and testing of a hypothesis, which may contribute to scientific theories or laws. The correct option is 2) good observations.Explanation:All scientific investigations are initially founded upon good observations. The scientific method typically begins withobserving natural phenomena. Once a phenomenon is observed, scientists use this information to define a problem or question which can then lead to the formulation of one or more testable hypotheses.To develop a good hypothesis, it must be testable and grounded in previously understood knowledge. The hypothesis represents a testable extension of that knowledge. Scientists effectively devise experiments or gather more data to test these hypotheses, with the aim of either supporting or refuting them.Upon rigorous testing, if a hypothesis consistently explains the observed phenomena and is supported by a large body of evidence, it might contribute to or become part of an existing theory. However, scientific theories and laws are not definitive facts; they can be adjusted when new data are uncovered. Theories are comprehensive, cohesive, testable explanations of aspects of the natural world, while scientific laws summarize vast numbers of experimental observations....