According to research, when smokers relapse, a phenomenon known as the "abstinence violation effect" is often observed.The abstinence violation effect refers to thepsychologicalreaction that occurs when an individual who is trying to quit smoking or maintain abstinence from smoking lapses and engages in smoking behavior again.During arelapse, individuals may experience feelings of guilt, shame, disappointment, and a sense of failure. They may perceive the lapse as evidence of their inability to quit smoking successfully, leading to negative emotions and self-criticism. This can create a negative cycle where individuals become demoralized and may further increase their smoking behavior as a result.The abstinence violation effect highlights the complex nature of smoking cessation and the challenges individuals face in maintaining long-term abstinence. It underscores the importance of understanding the psychological factors that contribute to relapse and the need for comprehensive support and interventions to address these factors.It is worth noting that quittingsmokingis a process, and relapse is a common occurrence. Understanding and addressing the abstinence violation effect can help individuals develop strategies to cope with relapses and continue their efforts to quit smoking.To know more aboutabstinence violation effect.brainly.com/question/13909586#SPJ11...

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