Final answer:Shifting functions in mathematics refers to the phase shift in periodic functions like cosine or sine functions. The Greek letter phi (p) is used to represent the phase shift, which is modeled accurately in x (t) = Acos (wt + p). The phase shift is illustrated in Figure 15.8, which comprehends both a cosine function and a cosine function shifted to the left.Explanation:Shifting functions in mathematics, particularly 4.3.4, refers to the movement of a function either to the left or right on the graph. This movement is known as aphase shiftand is often seen with periodic functions like a cosine or sine function.For instance, the equation x (t) = Acos (wt + p) is an example of a cosine function that is shifted. The accompanying Greek letter phi (p) represents the amount of shift. Periodic functions with phase shifts are often used to model data in the real world, such as the position of a block on a spring over time.The two images in Figure 15.8 highlight a cosine function (a) and that same cosine function but shifted to the left by an angle (b). This angle is thephase shiftof the function.Learn more about Shifting Functions here:brainly.com/question/14606675#SPJ11...

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